Prohibition Of The Use Of Marijuana - 1626 Words

Topic: Prohibition of the use of Marijuana General purpose: to argue Specific purpose: to squabble that the use of marijuana is very harmful to the health of the students and young persons and government should prohibit the use of it in USA. Thesis Statement: the use of marijuana should be prohibited as 1) it is disturbing the health of the students. 2) Due to its use, many students are unable to do extremely well in their studies. 3) Their future is being ruined due to its use. Introduction I. (Attention getter)The following statement of Kofi Annan Ghanaian Diplomat who served as the 7th Secretary-General of the United Nations â€Å"The main point in [our] report was to suggest decriminalization†¦because of the way laws are applied, which has not worked. We have executed them for decades and it’s got the prisons filled with lots of young individuals who sometimes come out shattered for having half an ounce†¦ [W]e should approach it through education [and] health issues rather than an atrocious reaction†¦ There is requirement for change in policy, but it has to start with debate and discussion†¦ I think the whole approach has to be reviewed.† II. (Topic Justification): according to the new study, the college students in USA are using Marijuana on daily basis. the researchers said, A. â€Å"In 2014, 5.9 percent of college students said they smoked marijuana 20 or more times in the previous month. That s up from 3.5 percent in 2007, and is the highest rate of near-daily use reportedShow MoreRelatedMarijuana Prohibition : Why The United States Should Prohibited The Use Of Marijuana1430 Words   |  6 PagesCannabis Prohibition: Why the United States should prohibit the use of Cannabis. In this paper I discuss why Cannabis should not be liberated in the United States. My focus and concerns are to the harm Cannabis is bringing to society now a days. In the United States more people are being influenced and being in favor of this famous â€Å"Drug Addiction† causing by illusions as ignorance is taking over and affecting a nation that is role models to many other nations. Awareness of after effects of drugsRead MoreMarijuana Prohibition Is A Failure And A Waste Of Resources864 Words   |  4 PagesAbraham Lincoln once said Prohibition goes beyond the bounds of reason in that it attempts to control a man s appetite by legislation, and makes a crime out of things that are not crimes.† The prohibition of marijuana has proven to be a failure and a waste of resources. In addition, prohibition has hurt society more than it has helped. Also, marijuana can be used as a medicine to treat many life threatening illnesses. The legalization of marijuana will generate enormous tax revenue, reduce crimeRead MoreEssay on Marijuana528 Words   |  3 PagesMarijuana Marijuana is a drug that has been used for thousands of years. Marijuana was used in ancient China, as far back as 5000 B.C. The Incans and Mayans used marijuana in religious ceremonies. Marijuana also has roots in this country. The Indians of the plains used marijuana in their peace pipes as a sign of friendship and peace. After prohibition there was a sharp rise in the use of this drug in America, but after prohibition was repealed the use went down. In the 1920s and 30sRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1118 Words   |  5 Pagesover-exaggerated jail sentences (pertaining to marijuana charges) is a very big problem in the US. I chose this topic because I had heard so many horror stories of people being sentenced at least 9-10 years on marijuana possession charges just to fill prisons, and it made me extremely upset. What angered me even more was the proof of racially motivated arrests/sentencing in many instances of unjust marijuana related arrests. While these people w ere â€Å"busted† for carrying marijuana and subsequently jailed for decadesRead MoreMarijuana Legalization Why is it the Best Choice for America?1306 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana, the most abused drug in America, has had a lot of publicity recently. Marijuana has caused multiple economic problems within the U.S. A controversial question has arisen from the increased popularity and troubles of this drug. The question is whether or not the U.S. government should legalize marijuana possession and sale in the country. Many Americans believe that the drug should be legalized for various reasons; others, however, are against the legalization of the dangerous drug. WhileRead MoreLegalizing Marijuana Speech Essay1350 Words   |  6 Pagesworld on weather or not to legalize marijuana. The prohibition of marijuana is holding up the improvement of social and economic developments. Introduction I. [Attention-Getter] Would you want the government limiting how much coffee you can drink or how much cheesecake you’re allowed to eat? According to Dr. Paul Phinney, president-elect of the California medical association has found these types of foods to be just as addictive if not more than marijuana. a. According to this sameRead MoreMarijuana Should be Legalized for Medical and Recreational Use1742 Words   |  7 Pagesacross medical marijuana while trying to research JJ’s problems and after discussing it with his doctors decided to give it a try. She took him off all his medications and put the marijuana in a muffin in amounts prescribed and monitored by the doctor. JJ’s behavior issues declined almost immediately. He is polite, eager to learn and interacts well with teachers and students at school. Now he talks through his questions and problems instead of acting out due to frustration. Marijuana has been usedRead More Marijuana Legalization Why is it the Best Choice for America?1375 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana Legalization Why is it the Best Choice for America? Marijuana, the most abused drug in America, has had a lot of publicity recently. Marijuana has caused multiple economic problems within the U.S. A controversial question has arisen from the increased popularity and troubles of this drug. The question is whether or not the U.S. government should legalize marijuana possession and sale in the country. Many Americans believe that the drug should be legalized for various reasons; others,Read MoreShould Cannabis Be Legalised?1595 Words   |  7 PagesCannabis originated from Central Asia generations ago, with references to Cannabis dating back to medical and religious Chinese and Indian texts. Cannabis was also used in the West as hemp fibre, for industrial purposes, before it was used for medical use by W.B. O’Shaughnessy. Through this essay, I will be evaluating cannabis as a recreational drug, which has occurred since the 1840’s seen in hashish clubs and bars, and will be analysing the advantages and disadvantages of the legalisation and criminalisationRead MoreThe Drug Enforcement Agency Defines A Schedule 1 Substance909 Words   |  4 Pages On August 14, 1970, the Assistant Secretary of Health, Dr. Roger O. Egeberg wrote a letter recommending the plant, marijuana, be classified as a schedule 1 substance, he succeeded and it has remained that way for nearly 45 years. The Drug enforcement agency defines a schedule 1 substance as â€Å"drugs with no currently accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse. Schedule I drugs are the most dangerous drugs of all the drug schedules with potentially severe psychological or physical dependence

Our Emotions Diary Free Essays

Identifying and measuring our emotions is difficult because it is not easy to objectively assess what we are feeling at that specific situation for emotions are subjective experiences. To accurately identify the range of our emotions and to classify it correctly takes greater control and self-awareness that I could not possibly muster. I have tried to identify the emotions based on the situations that triggered it. We will write a custom essay sample on Our Emotions Diary or any similar topic only for you Order Now The James-Lange theory of emotion said that we first have physiological responses to a situation and only then will we interpret those experiences to determine the present emotion (Zajonc McIntosh, 1992). Which is actually how most of us respond to an situation, like when I knew I felt anxious because I was feeling uneasy by getting late for class. On the other hand, I also felt confused on whether I got it mixed up; whether I experienced the situation and then the physiological arousal together with the emotion occurred at the same time, the Cannon-Bard theory supports this explanation although they did not give much importance to the thoughts that occur during that experience (Stein, Trabasso Liwag, 1993). Although, we get to experience a myriad of emotions and in varying degrees, some emotions are easier to identify like happiness and anger, while differentiating being upset from being sad is difficult. I could categorize it according to whether it is positive or negative and when I smiled I knew that I was happy at that time. Facial feedback theory says that the facial changes that occur in response to an event cues our brain and then define what kind of emotion we feel at that moment (Strongman, 1996). I also observed that we tend to respond to facial expressions, like when a person burst into tears we know that she is sad or afraid. With this activity, I learned that emotions, physical arousal, cognitive thoughts, and our brain interact together to produce different emotions. As to how all these element interact remains to be discovered, which I think will always be an aspect that will remain a mystery. References Stein, N., Trabasso, T. Liwag, M. (1993). The representation and organization of emotional experience: Unfolding the emotion episode. In M. Lewis J. M. Haviland (Eds.), Handbook of Emotions (pp. 279-300). New York: Guilford. Strongman, K. (1996). The Psychology of Emotion: Theories of Emotion in Perspective, 4th ed. New York: John Wiley Sons. Zajonc, R. McIntosh, D. (1992). Emotions research: Some promising questions and some questionable promises. Psychological Science, 3, 70-74. How to cite Our Emotions Diary, Papers

Critical Perceptions of Organisational Change

Question: Discuss about the Critical Perceptions of Organisational Change. Answer: Introduction For achieving competitive advantage, an organization needs to accept change as it states that change is a necessary element that brings light to positivity. There are time planning and various initiations that will determine the most effective planning which is possible by strategic planning in an organization. So, change management is accepted for organizational development and this leads to acquiring more and more knowledge by changing the culture, structure or even a planning process that enhances an array of improvement for large organizations. Employee engagement and employee involvement need to be adopted so that employees are feeling a level where communication and level of expectation is estimated to be higher. As such there are numerous changes that need to be recorded when an organization accepts the change where the efforts are made for development purpose. Appropriate behavior with employees, communication process and team management skills are encouraged to improve the p ositive impacts of change management (Rouse, 2011). The series of observable is being noticed at some point to gain an importance wherein employees should be treated with heart as assets of the company. The change agents in an organization constantly strive to achieve competitive advantage. The main claim of the article is organizational change management by considering work culture and employees behaviour. The article provides an insight for the managers and the leaders to take initiative for the organizational change. Not only the leaders leading the change strategies, but also the research and analysts who seek the knowledge to start up a change method in an organization, this article can provide an overview for the points of consideration. Material the article present and the evidence fact, research, opinion, or personal experience The article presents a combination of research made over the organizations that has achieved organizational change goals with the stipulated strategies and produces the facts and figures for the organizations that have made a difference in an organization and the employees culture and behavior by implementing organizational change management. The article depicts the methodology executing the way the organizations have input their efforts to create a healthy change. Various examples of the different big corporations that have strategically felt the need for the change and hence undertook drastic transform in their employees as well organized. The examples of the transformation of the GE, Compaq and salvage of Sears are also briefly mentioned. It pours light on theories of various authors such as John Kotter and Dan Cohen from Harvard Business School, Jeanie Daniel Duck and various other authors are being stated here representing their framework, methods and ideology on the change management. Majorly the article highlights the reasons for the failure of the organizational change, how these errors are deeply rooted in the organizational behaviors and on the study of that the managers have failed to recognize the importance of change as transformations happens only through focus on facts and affecting emotions. Key arguments made in the text, in regard to the sources of change In an organization, all the change processes are due to some reason, compel, foundation or origin of the organizational change (Dibella, 2007). Either it is environmental pressure or the internal pressure, every organizational change has its base and these reasons are the origin of the organizational change. Every organization can make an effective change if the needs of the employee and the business are well discussed in terms of its requirements and communicating the vision and mission in a way to achieve the targets and managers should lead the employees for the same. There is a point of view, stating the failure of the organizational change due to the lack of understating in the managers to create an importance of change in the employees, which would enable them to execute the planned processes and make an effort towards the organizational goals. The argument further continues to that due to the communication gap of delivering the need for change and in the absence of the powerful coalition such failures are bound to happen. It also concludes with that when the power of specific vision is underestimated, stakeholders are not communicated well enough or obstacles hinder the attainment of the goals (Rouse, 2011). The early announcement of the success of change, lack of creating enthusiasm and motivation to carry on the change processes, neglecting the change in the corporate culture might also result to the breakdown of organizational change. However, the biggest illusion is that the organization changes, whereas, organization dont change but the employees behavior change. Their perspective to make a difference yields change in an organization. If the need to change is professed as an endeavor to build optimistic effects counting, the development of individual power and a more motivating job, individuals can be anticipated to resist the plan that is part of the overall change effort. Nevertheless, the authors state the theory that if the feelings and emotions to change are affected than the heart makes it easier for the effective change. It is said that there is no space for feelings at workplace, but the new paradigm says that it is how they are dealt with (Rouse, 2011). Change is essentially about feelings for organizations to understand that how the workers needs to contribute to their brains and feelings and acknowledge that emotions are essential for the new management change. Its all about managing people; managing feelings. The organization needs to take risks to develop an understanding of the need of real change. Just providing the data wont be enough, the individuals need to make perceive the need of change. Managers need to determine to involve the people to be part of the powerful coalition and implant confidence and trust to make the change happen (Balogun Hope, 2008). The foreseeing of the vision to be completed is the ultimate organizational risk for the managers to accomplish. Thus, to make the organizational change a success the leadership is essential to incorporate the commitment in the employees for the change to happen, allow the employees to express what they feel about the new changes, make certain that the short-term accomplishments can be eminent (Dibella, 2007). It would conclude that the continual change would make the change effort a success. The arguments are appropriately balanced, looking at the issue or problem from relevant perspectives. Employees are one of the most valuable assets of any organization; this asset is a key element of the organizational development and success. There is no single change methodology that fits any organization, but it is rather a set of tools, practice, technology and techniques that can be adapted to different situations arising in the organization (Van et al. 2013). The arguments seem balanced and it shares several perspectives about the issues pertaining in change efforts by Professor John Kotter. If we see a large organization, then it seems bit unusual that the leaders are still making the same mistakes that professor Kotter has outlined years ago leading to a change effort failure by a shear negligence of under communication, lack of goal setting, bad team management, etc. The reading very strongly tries to convince us that the managerial or leaders implication on change management through the engagement of mind is not just substantial for the better and healthy growth of the orga nizations and even if it is it wont last long. The reading focuses on having the managerial implications through both mind and emotions because when a manager or leader gives a message in a way that creates an emotional response, there will be a greater number of individual changing their behavior and it is obvious (Balogun Hope, 2008). Treating a person in a certain way and will respond in a predictable manner. Change is up to an individual, and even after taking the managerial implications with both mind and heart what if the employee still fails to contribute to the change. The opposition will undoubtedly help the organization to find the errors, but still it can be harmful if it not taken care of. The reading doesnt seem biased as it offers a varied perspective of where the issues are arising in the change efforts tough it talks less about what the employees roles are. All the major counter arguments presented in the reading, which a leader should keep in mind while presenting and communicating change management to the emplo yees in the organization. Article contribute to the overall topic of change management, general problems and concepts in change management The article focuses on various aspects of change management through head and heart and failure of change efforts in an organization and the counter arguments to get it a success. There are several reasons where the change efforts fail in an organization such as lack of communication of why the change is needed. Failure due to lack of alliance which can communicate the change to the employees. Implementing a change will require a forethought and poor planning here will ultimately lead to failure. Lack of leadership is the major reason why the change efforts are failing (Dibella, 2007). The mangers or leaders are still making the same mistakes. They follow the old change management practice where there were no place for emotions or feeling and if all at emotions are allowed, then only up to a level by which they can be controlled. Change is all about feelings and managing people are managing their feelings. All the organizations who want their employees to contribute to their heads and heart must accept that emotion also play a major role in change management in todays time. If an organization wants a change there has to be 100 percent commitment on the part of leadership. And after having that the same can be demanded from the employee (Grant Marshak, 2011). Thus, Lack of commitment also led to failure in change efforts. Short term wins can play a great role in boosting the employees and creating the enthusiasm in them, and failure to do so will lead to failure in change management (Weiner, 2009). The article also focuses on the counter arguments to the failure of change management such as not just focusing on giving data, but to make the individual realize the need for the change. One of the major counter arguments that act as a remedy is identifying the people to be the part of guiding alliance in order to justify the need for change. It is a leader who should create a vision that i s creative, clear and viable, and should motivate the employees that it can be achieved through a great team work and collective efforts (Dibella, 2007). Communication plays a major role in achieving successful change management, where the individuals should be updated with the required information regularly and should be checked upon if the progress is on the right direction or not. Freedom of expression is very important; one must be allowed to burst out their feelings. There can be both positive and negative beliefs of the strategy implemented which should be allowed to bring upon. If negative comments are not allowed to be brought forward on common ground, then it will be get surpass privately which may lead to poor work ethics. Conclusion The article is important for change management in an organization for development purpose. The skills that are required to ensure the productivity is being discussed in the article. Motivating employees is a vital step that is considered in the leading change framework by an author. There are steps that are being emphasized and the article consists elements that need to be adopted for employees and even for an organization (Van et al. 2013). Motivating the heart is the main concept that an organization should implement in the change process framework as discussed in an organization. From the article the next concept that is discussed is about the real stories about some leaders who have changed the organization with their efforts to change and accept positive elements, this is important as it encourages the positive impact overall for an organization. Changing the employees who are working on the frontline basis is been learnt from the article about motivating the heart of employees. The strength of an article is about the merits that are gained while bringing the heart and the spirit of the employees in the workplace to gain a positive change with relative examples. The emotional appeals and the organizational change events and programs are being organized to understand the leadership and the skills that leaders gain while implementing change. The article contributes to large and small enterprises that considers change as an important concept for competitive advantage. A person while reading this article will gain an information regarding the change management and the necessity of change management which is utmost important for employees and an organization. There are eight steps that lead to change in this article that speaks about some hard facts and peoples feelings in an emotional level. References Balogun, J. Hope Hailey, V. (2008), Exploring Strategic Change, Prentice Hall, London Dibella, A. (2007), Critical perceptions of organisational change, Journal of Change Management, Vol. 7 No. 3, pp. 231-42. Rouse, W.B. (2011), Necessary competencies for transforming an enterprise, Journal of Enterprise Transformation, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 71-92. Van, d.H., Demerouti, E. Bakker, A. (2013), How psychological resources facilitate adaptation to organizational change, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 26 No. 6 pp. 1-13. Weiner, B.J. (2009), A Theory of Organizational Readiness for Change, Implementing Science.

Take Advantage of Your Summer on Campus!

Excited to be on a college campus this summer?College summer programs for high school students are great for many reasons. They give students the opportunity to take more difficult classes in the subjects they are interested or even explore classes that aren’t offered in high school. On top of that, they are able to make new friends from all over the country and get to experience what life is like on a college campus. But, before you get caught up with all that the summer program has to offer, we want to remind you of a few things you can take advantage of when you’re on the college campus. Being on campus over the summer is a perfect opportunity for you to learn more about the college and connect with key people in-person. 1. Talk to the Admissions Office Since you’re already on campus, go to the admissions office! Introduce yourself and talk to someone on the admissions team. Ask them questions about the application process and the school’s culture. It’s always good to have a contact in the admissions office in case any complications come up in your application process and you need to reach out to someone in the office. Build a relationship with an admissions officer. 2. Reach Out to Professors Have a subject you’re interested in? Email the professors in the major department you’re interested in and see if you can schedule a time with them to chat. Talk to them in person and learn more about what it’s like to major in the subject, what the potential career paths are, and if there are any research opportunities you can get involved in. At this point, you may not be certain what you’d like to study yet, so explore and find out what it’d be like if you did major in something that piquesyour interest now. 3. Connect with Current College Students Since it is summer, there won’t be that many college students on campus. Having said that, there will still be a handful who are taking courses on campus over the summer or conducting research. Some may even be your camp supervisor or your TA! Talk to them about what it’s like to be a student there. What’s the campus culture like? What do they like/dislike about the school? It doesn’t even have to be specific to the college. It might be more helpful for you to learn more about how they approached the college selection process in general. 4. Check Out the College Town Don’t just focus on the campus. Check out the neighborhood you’re in. Imagine if you did go to school there. Would it be easy to grab dinner off-campus? What are some go-to spots? Are things conveniently located? Are there good outdoor spots you can access if youre into outdoor activities? Since you are there on a summer program, you may not have as much free time to do this, but keep your eyes open! It’s a great opportunity to notice things you care about while you’re there. 5. Explore the City The perks of being a part of a summer program is that there are usually built-in activities that allow you to see what the surrounding or nearby city has to offer to the students who attend college there. It may be a field trip to a museum or theater, a day at a farmers market, or a hiking trip. It’s important to know what your immediate surrounding is around campus, but it’s also good to know what your other options are if you wanted to step away from campus and engage in city life. Applying to college this upcoming school year? For access to our college profiles, upgrade to ourpremium plans, whichoffer different levels of profile access and data insights that can help you get into your dream school.

kansas essays

kansas essays No states creation was more dramatic, more at the center of national attention, more involved in fundamental moral conflict, than that of Kansas. In a sense, the state's history began with the Indians of the area and the Spanish explorers. A moral conflict of pro-slavery forces in the Civil War that led to Bleeding Kansas, and the moral contradiction between a declaration that claimed, all people are created equally. A constitution pragmatically permitting slavery had led to the repeated compromise in American history until the issue found resolution in war. Kansas as a body politic was born of that process and much of its permanent character or personality was determined by it, {K.Davis}. The state character has changed drastically over time. The first recorded history of this area was made by the Spanish chroniclers of the Francisco Vinquez de Coronado expedition. They set out from the Rio Grande to visit region in the present central part of the state they identified as Quivira. On this trip in the summer of 1541 they found the soil to their liking and capable of growing all products of Spain. The Indians were described as being physically attractive, but they lived in grass houses and possessed no gold, the primary object of the Coronado party. Friar Juan de Padilla returned to Quivira the following year as a missionary to the Indians, he was martyred by those he sought to convert. The Kansa Indians, native to the northeastern part of the Kansas region, lived earthen lodges and depended on their gardens and hunting for food. They and the neighboring Osage Indians to the south lived a semi-nomadic life, whereas Indians making use of the western Plains region were nomadic, depending on the buffalo for food, shelter, and clothing. The Indians first seen by the Spanish in the Kansas area were too few in number to easily exploited under the colonial system of relying on masses of servil...

A Quiz About Compressing Accordion Sentences

A Quiz About Compressing Accordion Sentences A Quiz About Compressing Accordion Sentences A Quiz About Compressing Accordion Sentences By Mark Nichol Brisk, lively writing requires attending to phrasing that slows readers down and or trips them up. Be vigilant about finding ways to make sentences less wordy and more direct. Firm up these five flabby sentences, and compare your revisions with mine: 1. â€Å"The kit includes a set of five food containers, and they are dishwasher safe.† Insert the key information in the second clause of this sentence as a phrasal adjective preceding the subject: â€Å"The kit includes a set of five dishwasher-safe food containers.† 2. â€Å"In 1995, he published a book called Bowling Alone, which introduced the term ‘social capital’ into our nation’s vocabulary.† Shift the focus from the author’s act of publishing the book to the result of the publication by deleting compacting the phrase â€Å"he published a book called† to â€Å"his book,† then delete the comma and which: â€Å"In 1995, his book Bowling Alone introduced the term ‘social capital’ into our nation’s vocabulary.† (Use this solution cautiously, as such a shift in focus may cause the passage to veer from fidelity to the author’s intent.) 3. â€Å"The film was commissioned by the US Treasury Department, and it was troubled from the beginning.† When a sentence includes more than one form of the verb phrase â€Å"to be† is, was, were, and the like discover a way to eliminate at least one of them; in this case, alter what follows was in the first clause to a subordinate clause, and jettison the conjunction: â€Å"The film, commissioned by the U.S. Treasury Department, was troubled from the beginning.† (Look for opportunities in such cases to replace not one but both â€Å"to be† verbs, which are inferior in impact to more vivid verbs doing so may encourage you to be more specific, too: â€Å"The film, commissioned by the U.S. Treasury Department, suffered from bureaucratic interference from the beginning.†) 4. â€Å"Smith is president of the Ethics and Religious Liberty Commission of the Southern Baptist Convention, and frequently represents evangelicals in the media.† This sentence is improved in the same fashion as the previous one, with the additional improvement of replacing the verbose â€Å"part of the whole† construction with a â€Å"whole’s part† revision: â€Å"Smith, president of the Southern Baptist Convention’s Ethics and Religious Liberty Commission, frequently represents evangelicals in the media.† (Take care, however, that this more concentrated restructuring is not more ponderous than the original phrasing.) 5. â€Å"My cousin, who is employed as an epidemiologist at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, claims that a scenario similar to that one could occur if the circumstances were right.† Delete the redundant indicators that the writer’s cousin is a person (who) and is employed at the place of employment, and tighten the rest of the sentence by converting phrases that contain an adjective and follow a noun into adjectives preceding the nouns and modifying them on their own: â€Å"My cousin, an epidemiologist at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, claims that a similar scenario could occur under the right circumstances.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Handy Expressions About HandsHow to Pronounce MobileAdverbs and Hyphens

Develop finance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Develop finance - Assignment Example b) On what basis do McKinnon and Shaw argue for financial liberalisation? Answer: McKinnon and Shaw were of the opinion that ceilings in interest rates, requirements of high reserve and restriction on allocation of credit can be accounted for the poor performance of investment mechanism. The work of the researchers is based on the role of the liberalized rates of interest on mobilization of savings as well as distribution of funds to investments that are high in earning. They indicated the role of the financial sector in order to increase the volume of savings. c) What imperfections in financial markets were disregarded by the McKinnon-Shaw style models and with what result? Answer: The hypothesis of Shaw and McKinnon is of the opinion that savings can be chocked by financial repression. They opined that only financial liberalization can lead to higher savings as well as investment which are the step to achieve accelerated growth. The hypothesis has failed to settle the debates on fi nancial liberalization. The process of financial liberalization is not at all smooth and continuous. Exogenous shocks can be held responsible for liberalization reversals in the developing countries. It is difficult to take the costs and benefits of financial liberalization into account. ... The net earnings of a country are recorded in the current account while the net change in the ownership is recorded in the capital account. The former is the sum total of balance of trade, cash transfers as well as factor incomes. The later consists of reserve account as well as the loans and investments between the country and the globe. There are mainly three types of financial capital namely equity capital, debt capital and specialty capital. The debt form of capital is injected into a business knowing that the capital must be returned back at a future date that is predetermined. The equity form of capital is the cash written by the holders of shares as well as the owners of the business into the organization that has no offsetting liabilities. The last from of capital is gold standard. It is among the few sources of capital that have almost zero economic cost. b) What are the dangers associated with international debt flows? Answer: The dangers of international debt flows are dan gers in credit rating, bankruptcy danger, judgments, loans and late payments. The credit rating is negatively affected by debts. Bankruptcy can also be thought of as one of the dangers of debt. When the debt level reaches at such a height that is infeasible to pay, bankruptcy acts as the option. But it will be unfair to think bankruptcy as debt free card. A situation of bankruptcy can also negative effects on the credit report and can also affect the availability of credit in future. A high level of debt can result in multiple late payments if the available resources are not able to cover up the payments. c) Have developing countries benefited from FDI? Answer: FDI plays a more significant role in the developing countries than in the developed countries.

The Impact of the European Union on British Employment Relations Essay

The Impact of the European Union on British Employment Relations - Essay Example The paper tells that the subject of employment relationship has been established with the help of an interdisciplinary method through conceptions and ideas that have been determined from sociology, psychology, and history. Employee relations can be of an individual dimension which is based upon the belief of every employee or can be of the collective dimension that is based upon the relationship between the management of an organization and the trade unions. Employment relationship in Britain has had a significant impact on the European Union. It has been observed that there is a long history regarding Britain’s employment relations that is considerably affected by the European Union (EU). Britain has witnessed a reduction in the trade unions. For instance, in the year 1979, there were 475 trade unions which reduced to 221 in the year 2000 and in the year 2001 the number of trade unions reduced to 206. These figures reveal that there has been a significant reduction of trade u nions in the recent years. The EU has led to an influential change in the labor law of Britain in relation to socio-economic, socio-demographic and managerial changes. Emphasis has been given to the quality of work amid the unions and the employers due to which there has been a decline in the quality of labor. There has been a rise in problems relating to the work-life balance due to which the EU directives have taken the initiative to improve this balance through egalitarianism, physical well-being, security and social dialogue. Employers have revealed that there has been an upsurge in the level of stress for the employees due to the increase in the qualitative requirements of the product and high competition. The EU legislation has not established any specific policy to provide the trade unions a greater power for negotiation.

Hannin Essay Example for Free

Hannin Essay The government must show accountability for public funds and a business can use its resources as it deems appropriate. 5. Role of the Budget – Commercial it’s used for planning and control purposes, for government budgets carry the authority of law, preventing 1-3. Identify and briefly describe the three organizations that set standards for state and local governments, the federal government, and nongovernmental not-for-profit organizations. 1. GASB set the accounting and financial reporting standards for state and local government in the US. GASB also set accounting and financial reporting standards for governmentally related not for profit organizations. 2. FASB set standards for profit seeking business and for nongovernmental not for profit organizations. 3. FASAB set the accounting and financial for the federal government. 1-4. What is the definition of a government as agreed upon by the FASB and GASB? Public corporations and bodies corporate and politic are governmental organizations. Other organizations are governmental organizations if they have one or more of the following characteristics. . Popular election of officers or appointment (or approval) of a controlling majority of the members of the organization’s governing body by officials of one or more state or local governments. 2. The potential for unilateral dissolution by a government with the net assets reverting to a government. 3. The power to enact and enforce a tax levy. 1-5. Describe the â€Å"hierarchy of GAAP† for state and local governments, the federal government, and nongovernmental not-for-profit organizations. (See Illustration 1-2 come back to t his) 1-8. GASB considers budgetary accounting and reporting to be important. List the principles outlined by GASB related to budgetary accounting and reporting. 1. An annual budget(s) should be adopted by every governmental unit. 2. The accounting system should provide the basis for appropriate budgetary control. 3. Comparisons should be included in the appropriate financial statements and schedules for governmental funds for which an annual budget has been adopted. 2-2. With regard to GASB rules for the financial reporting entity, answer the following: 1. Define the financial reporting entity. It is the primary government together with its component units. 2. Define and give an example of a primary government. Can be a state government, a general-purpose local government such as a city or county, or a special purpose government such as a school district. 3. Define and give an example of a component unit. Are legally separate organizations for which the elected officials of the primary government are financially accountable. 4. Define and describe the two methods of reporting the primary government and component units in the financial reporting entity. a. Primary Government -either appoints a voting majority of the governing body of the other organization or members of the primary governments governing body hold a majority of the seats of the other organizations board. Second, the relationship meets one of the following two criteria: a. The other organization provides either a financial burden or benefit to the primary government. b. The primary government can impose its will on the other organization. b. Component units are legally separate organizations for which the elected officials of the primary government are financially accountable. In addition, a component unit can be an organization for which the nature and significance of its relationship with a primary government are such that exclusion would cause the reporting entitys financial statements to be misleading or incomplete. 2-3. With regard to the Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR): 1. What are the three major sections? Introductory, Financial, and Statistical. 2. List the government-wide statements. Indicate the measurement focus and basis of accounting used for the government-wide statements. Basic Financial Statements Proprietary Funds Statements: Statement of Cash Flows. Governments use the accrual basis and the modified accrual basis of accounting. 3. List the governmental fund statements. i. General fund. This fund is used to account for general operations and activities not requiring the use of other funds. ii. Special revenue funds are required to account for the use of revenue earmarked by law for a particular purpose. State and federal fuel tax revenues require special revenue funds, because federal and state laws restrict these taxes to transportation uses. iii. Capital projects funds are used to account for the construction or acquisition of fixed assets[9], such as buildings, equipment and roads. Depending on its use, a fixed asset may instead be financed by a special revenue fund or a proprietary fund. iv. Debt service funds are used to account for money that will be used to pay the interest and principal of long-term debts. Bonds used by a government to finance major construction projects, to be paid by tax levies over a period of years, require a debt service fund to account for their repayment. v. Special assessment funds account for public infrastructure improvements financed by special levies against property holders. Sidewalk and alley repairs often rely on special assessments. 4. Indicate the measurement focus and basis of accounting used for the governmental fund statements. It usually rely on a modified accrual basis. 5. List the proprietary fund statements. vi. Internal service funds are used for operations serving other funds or departments within a government on a cost-reimbursement basis. A printing shop, which takes orders for booklets and forms from other offices and is reimbursed for the cost of each order, would be a suitable application for an internal service fund. vii. Enterprise funds are used for services provided to the public on a user charge basis, similar to the operation of a commercial enterprise. Water and sewage utilities are common examples of government enterprises. 5. Indicate the measurement focus and basis of accounting used for the proprietary fund statements. i. Proprietary funds, used for business-like activities, usually operate on an accrual basis. Governmental accountants sometimes refer to the accrual basis as full accrual to distinguish it from modified accrual basis accounting. 6. List the fiduciary fund statements. Statement of Changes in Fiduciary Net Assets and Statement of Changes in Fiduciary Net Assets. 7. Describe the measurement focus and basis of accounting used for the fiduciary fund statements. The accounting basis applied to fiduciary funds depends upon the needs of a specific fund. If the trust involves a business-like operation, accrual basis accounting would be appropriate to show the funds profitability. Accrual basis is also appropriate for trust funds using interest and dividends from invested principle amounts to pay for supported programs, because the profitability of those investments would be important. 8. Outline the reports and schedules to be reported as required supplementary information. Come Back To 2-4. Describe the test for determining whether a governmental fund is a major fund. The General Fund is always considered a major fund. Other governmental funds are considered major when both of the following conditions exist: (a) total assets, liabilities, revenues, or expenditures of that individual governmental fund constitute 10 percent of the total for the governmental funds category, and (b) total assets, liabilities, revenues, or expenditures of that individual governmental or enterprise fund are 5 percent of the total of the governmental and enterprise categories, combined. 2-10. Not sure

Italian City :: History

Italian City The Renaissance was the period from 1350-1600. The Renaissance began first in the city-states of Italy for many reasons. Although most of Europe had become a big economic crisis during the late Middle Ages, Italy managed to avoid everything and their towns remained important centers of Mediterranean trade and boost their production of textiles and luxury goods. Town life was bigger in Italy than in other parts of Europe. Therefore, most Italians could easily discard feudalism and other medieval institutions. Because Italy was wealthy and successful, they became independent city-states, each of which included a walled urban center and the surrounding countryside. The Italian city-states started a new social order. It was that wealth and ability mattered more than aristocratic titles and ownership of land. Wealthy merchants and bankers replaced the nobles in the upper class. Shopkeepers and artisans ranked below the wealthy merchants, forming a moderately prosperous middle class that employed a lot of poor workers. Most of these workers came from the countryside. And at the very bottom of the social ladder, were the peasants who worked on the country estates for the wealthy classes. During the Renaissance, Italy was not under one government, but was divided into the city-states. Each of these were ruled by wealthy families whose fortunes came from commercial trading or banking. A lot of times, workers rebelled against the upper classes. Their demands for equal rights and lower taxes, however, remained unspoken. During the 1400s, social conflicts became so bad, that many city-states decided to turn over all political authority to one single powerful leader to restore peace. These leaders were known as signori. At times, city-states would have territorial disputes. Since military service would interfere with conducting business and trade, the signori chose to replace citizen-soldiers with hired soldiers known as condottieri. The major city-states were Florence, Venice, Rome and Milan. A banking family known as the Medici ruled Florence in the 1400s. The Medici rulers helped to keep the spirit of humanism alive in the city-state’s scholars and artists. With the spirit alive, Florence became known as the birthplace of the Italian Renaissance. Lorenzo de’ Medici (also known as â€Å"the Magnificent† as a result of the city’s prosperity and fame) ruled Florence from 1469-1492. He used his wealth to support artists, philosophers, and writers, and to sponsor public festivals. During the 1490s, Florence’s economic prosperity began to decline due to increasing competition with English and Flemish cloth makers.

Scarlet Letter Analysis

Kelsey Federspill Scarlet Letter Literary Analysis R5 12. 2. 12 Over Coming Guilt Remorse is a feeling experienced after committing an act that produces a sense of guilt. A life lesson can be learned in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel, The Scarlet Letter, about the theme of guilt. Everyone experiences guilt when they commit a sin or human frailty but the way one handles the feelings of guilt is different.Guilt is expressed in three main ways: ignoring or hiding the sin and letting the guilt build up on the inside, blaming others for the sin and wanting revenge for the way the person feels, and embracing the sin committed and not releasing the guilt. The different ways guilt is experienced determines the way it is punished: by others or no one at all. But punishment for the sin doesn't always affect the amount of guilt felt by one. Hawthorne uses symbolism and irony to demonstrate that guilt should not take over one’s life, rather it should be a lesson learned of embracement , forgiveness, and acceptance.In The Scarlet Letter, the character Hester Prynne is well known for the scarlet letter that she was forced to wear. Prynne embraced the punishment of the scarlet letter and used the punishment in a unique way, â€Å"On the breast of her gown in fine red cloth, surrounded with an elaborate embroidery and fantastic flourishes of gold thread, appeared the letter A† (37). The letter ‘A’ represented the sin of adultery that Prynne had committed.The community choose this form of punishment for Prynne to make her feel guilty for the act of adultery she committed and used it as an example to the rest of the community. As Prynne egresses from prison Hawthorne describes the scene, â€Å"the scene was not without a mixture of awe, such as must always invest the spectacle of guilt and shame in a fellow-creature† (39). Prynne chooses to embrace the scarlet letter rather than let the feeling of guilt take over her life because she desired to set a good example for her daughter, Pearl.She was able to embrace her sin and the scarlet letter because she was working to set an example for her daughter. It was ironic how the community tried to force guilt on to Prynne, but in return she embraced the punishment in full stride and even used it to purify herself, â€Å"Here, she said to herself, had been the scene of her guilt, and her should be the scene of her punishment; and so, perchance, the torture of her daily shame would at length purge her soul, and work out another purity than that which she had lost; more saint-like, because the result of martyrdom† (55).When the town people saw Prynne as she exited the prison, people said, â€Å"thus she will be a living sermon against sin† (44). The town people would always be reminded of her sin. Prynne did not let the guilt of her sin produce a major impact on her life. Rather she accepted her transgression and learned the importance of not letting her past mistake s and guilt negatively affect her future. Rosebushes are full of beauty but pain can be inflicted on someone who tries to hold it due to the rosebush’s sharp thorns.When Hawthorne depicts the town he describes the rosebush on the side of the prison, â€Å"but, on one side of the portal, and rooted almost at the threshold, was a wild rosebush, covered, in this month of June, with its delicate gems, which might be imagined to offer their fragrance and fragile beauty to the prisoner as he went in, and to the condemned criminal as he came forth to his doom, in token that the deep heart of nature could pity and be kind to him† (33). The rosebush symbolizes forgiveness from guilt throughout The Scarlet Letter.Pearl, Prynne’s daughter, was visiting the governor’s hall with her mother one day to deliver a pair of embroider gloves Prynne had made. While at the governor’s house, Pearl saw a rosebush and reacted in an unusual way, â€Å"Pearl, seeing the ros ebushes, began to cry for a red rose, and would not be pacified,† (73). Pearl responded with this meltdown because she wanted forgiveness for her mother and for her father, Reverend Dimmesdale, to be accepted by the community. Pearl felt guilty but blamed it on others. She was seeking revenge on the townspeople for the way they made her mother feel.The irony of the rosebush is how it hurt Prynne, Pearl, and Dimmesdale, like the thorns on a rosebush when touched. In the end the family moved out of their community attempting to not let the mistakes of the past take over their present lives. Ultimately, they choose a fresh start. Pearl was a product of Prynne’s sin of adultery. Pearl’s birth was very humiliating for Prynne; nevertheless Pearl still meant the world to Prynne. Pearl’s name even has significance, â€Å"but she names the infant ‘Pearl,’ as being of great price,– purchased with all she had,– her mother’s only tre asure† (61).The biblical allusion to the pearl is referred to in Matthew 13 about a parable of a man who gave up everything for a pearl of great price. Prynne gave up everything she had for her daughter. She even dresses Pearl in the best clothes, while she dresses very poorly. To Prynne, Pearl was a symbol of strength and overcoming obstacles. Prynne said, â€Å"I can teach my little Pearl what I have learned from this [the scarlet letter],† (76). Prynne is a great example and life lesson to Pearl of how to accept the mistakes made in the past and not let the shame define oneself. Prynne uses Pearl to show how tough a young child can be.On the other hand, the town viewed Pearl as the devil child: evil. The town discussed Pearl as, â€Å"an imp of evil, emblem and product of sin,† (64) and, â€Å"poor little Pearl was a demon offspring,† (68). Pearl herself is truly a symbol of ignorance and hope. Hawthorne described an occurrence of Pearl talking to Mr. W ilson, a pastor, â€Å"after putting her finger in her mouth, with many ungracious refusals to answer good Mr. Wilson’s question, the child finally announced that she had not been made at all, but had been plucked by her mother off the rosebush of wild roses, that grew by the prison,† (76).Pearl believed she was created for good and had an optimistic attitude on life. She did not let guilt become an emotion known in her. Pearl did not let the past effect her future. In conclusion, life lessons were learned about embracement, forgiveness, and acceptance from guilt with the use of symbolism and irony from Hawthorne in The Scarlet Letter. The different ways guilt can be handled was demonstrated in The Scarlet Letter, but not letting guilt take over one’s life was key. Moving on and learning from a sin or human frailty is significant and something everyone can learn from.

The Indus and Aryan Civilizations, and the Maurya and Gupta Empires in India

The Indus and Aryan Civilizations The Indus civilization, an ancient civilization in South Asia, existed from about 2700 to 1750 BC. It is sometimes referred to as the Harappa civilization; one of its major centers. It stretched from north of the Hindu Kush down the entire length of the Indus and beyond into peninsular India. The Indus civilization is known only from archaeological evidence. Its origins traditionally were viewed as the result of the diffusion of farming and technology from more advanced cultures in Mesopotamia and on the Iranian plateau to Baluchistan and ultimately to the Indus Valley. One of the most important centers of Indus civilization was Mohenjo-Daro, situated along the west bank of the Indus River. Like most cities of the Indus civilization, it consisted of two major areas of occupation: a high citadel to the west and a lower city of domestic dwellings to the east. The Indus people supported themselves by irrigation-based agriculture. They grew domesticated rice, wheat, and barley, and they may have cultivated dates and cotton. Among the first people in the world known to have kept chickens, they also had dogs, buffalo, and humped cattle. They may also have domesticated pigs, horses, camels, and, possibly, elephants. The Aryan was a tribal and nomadic people who lived far away in Euro-Asia. They were unquestionably tough people and they were fierce and war-like. So their culture was oriented around warfare, and they were good at it. The Aryans first settled along the Indus River, in the same place where the Harappa people had lived. They settled down and mixed with the local Indian people. They lived there from about 1500 to 800 BC. It seems to be at this time that the caste system began in India. It was the Aryans who developed Hinduism, and also the classical language of Sanskrit. Aryans created four main castes. The top castes were made up of priests, kings, and warriors. The lowest caste was made up of workers who served the higher castes. Under the caste system, people could not rise to a higher caste. The Maurya and Gupta Empires in India The Maurya Empire was a geographically extensive and powerful empire in ancient India, ruled by the Mauryan dynasty from 321 to 185 BC. Originating from the kingdom of Magadha in the Indo-Gangetic plains (modern Bihar, eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bengal) in the eastern side of the Indian subcontinent, the empire had its capital city at Pataliputra (modern Patna). The Empire was founded in 322 BC by Chandragupta Maurya, who had overthrown the Nanda Dynasty and rapidly expanded his power westwards across central and western India taking advantage of the disruptions of local powers in the wake of the withdrawal westward by Alexander the Great's Greek and Persian armies. By 320 BC the empire had fully occupied Northwestern India. The Gupta Empire was an Ancient Indian empire which existed approximately from 320 to 550 CE and covered much of the Indian Subcontinent. Founded by Maharaja Sri-Gupta, the dynasty was the model of a classical civilization. The peace and prosperity created under leadership of Guptas enabled the pursuit of scientific and artistic endeavors. This period is called the Golden Age of India and was marked by extensive achievements in science, technology, engineering, art, dialectic, literature, logic, mathematics, astronomy, religion and philosophy that crystallized the elements of what is generally known as Hindu culture. Buddhism and Hinduism (Differences ; Similarities) They share some important beliefs – they both believe in reincarnation and the cycle of samsara – birth, life, death, and rebirth and in the influence of karma on the circumstances into which you will be born in the next life. They both believe that the ultimate end is to escape from the cycle of rebirth. The only differences are Buddhism believes in matter and soul and there is no place for God, while Hinduism in addition to matter and soul considers God as the creator of the universe. Buddhism is missionary religion which aims at converting entire mankind to the doctrines of Buddha; while Hinduism never seeks converts and it has no definite organization like the Buddhist sangha.

What Makes Veterans Special essays

What Makes Veterans Special essays Why are Veterans special? They are still mere human beings susceptible to disease, famine, and even death. So, what makes them special? Could it be their valiant efforts to keep our nation free, free from tyranny, free from opposition from other countries, which starve their people, and kill off millions more just because of what one man or group of people said? Or, could it be that each one of them has risked his or her lives to save our country, one man trying to make a difference in a world with over six billion people in it. To me, veterans are special because they not only do what is listed above, but a huge collage of different reasons. Veterans willingly have gone into battle to face the hardships of war, to be possibly infected with hundreds of different types of diseases, face the risk of being fired upon almost every hour of the day, every day of the week. It takes more than just a little courage to be able to stay in a place where not only would one have to watch out for bullets and bombs, but also for the rats that scurried along the trenches where our veterans spent their whole day and night. Some of the veterans may not have known what they were getting themselves into; they might have figured that since they are from America that they would only be in enemy territory for a short time, and would be home in a few weeks. Others saw what the wars had done to the people before them and still chose to go into battle. Many soldiers have been wounded in battles, and some of the ones who made it through, and still were able to function with a semi-normal life, still wished to go back and fight for their country. Either way, if the person knew what he or she was getting themselves into or not, it still took a great deal of courage to enlist, face, the hardships of the training before hand, and then go into battle for their country. If someone came up to me and asked me why veteran ...

Emoji

Emoji Emoji Emoji By Maeve Maddox Ancient Egyptians had hieroglyphics. Modern Man has emojis. Since the 1980s, symbols to express emotions have proliferated in cyberspace. At first they were made with what was available on the keyboard, like the smiley face made with a colon, a hyphen, and a parenthesis. Now, thanks to Unicode, they appear as true pictures: faces, hands, heads, cupcakes, robots, even a swirly pile of brown poop with eyes and a smile. These symbols acquired a name in 1990: emoticon, a portmanteau word made by combining emotion and icon. In 1997 or so, the Japanese word for pictograph- emoji- went international as a term for emoticons produced with Unicode. Note: The similarity of emoji to emoticon is coincidental. The Japanese word was coined in 1928, perhaps on the model of English pictograph: Japanese e = picture; moji = letter or character. So far, more than 700 emojis are available, with more on the way. Vyvyan Evans, a professor of linguistics at Bangor University (Wales), refers to the use of emojis as a language called Emoji: Emoji is the fastest growing form of language ever based on its incredible adoption rate and speed of evolution. As a visual language emoji has already eclipsed hieroglyphics, its ancient Egyptian precursor, which took centuries to develop. According to a Table Talk Mobile survey of 2,000 Britons, ages 18-65, â€Å"more than eight in 10 Brits are now using emoji to communicate regularly.† Users in the 18 to 25-year-old age bracket said they found it easier to put their feelings across in emoji icons than in text. Of the over forties, 54% said they were confused by what the symbols meant. Professor Evans doesn’t think that pictorial language will replace the kind that depends on words, but he does expect it to augment written language, making it â€Å"more appealing to younger readers†: I think it’s conceivable that emoji will increasingly be used to complement digital versions of written works. For instance, the inclusion of emoji to help convey meaning in abridged versions of Shakespeare could help bring those great stories to life for a whole new generation. Although I think that emojis are fun to use, I’m glad that I learned to understand and appreciate Shakespeare without the aid of picture writing. My high school generation not only read the plays as they were written, we memorized whole swathes of words from Julius Caesar (9th grade), As You Like It (10th grade), Romeo and Juliet (11th grade), and Macbeth (12th grade). I suppose this description from Macbeth could be rendered in Emoji, but I doubt the drawings of a bird and some trees would send goose bumps down my arms all these years later: Light thickens, and the crow Makes wing to th rooky wood. Good things of day begin to droop and drowse; Whiles nights black agents to their preys do rouse. But, different times, different customs. BBC’s Newsbeat, a site aimed at a young audience, features a weekly news quiz written in emoji. Tennis player Andy Murray tweeted about his wedding in emoji. Note: There is disagreement as to the plural of emoji. Some speakers prefer to use the same form for both: one emoji/two emoji. Others think that emoji should follow the English rule and add s to form the plural: one emoji/two emojis. The AP Stylebook has ruled in favor of emojis. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Because Of" and "Due To" Hyper and HypoEbook, eBook, ebook or e-book?

Examine with reference to relevant case law the extent to which it is Essay

Examine with reference to relevant case law the extent to which it is true to say that in the event of a breach of contract the - Essay Example D.). There may be money damages someone can collect when a contract is breached; however, there are limitations to how much damages may be collect due to a breach of a contract. When a teacher is employed by a school district the teacher is under a contract. The contract states that the teacher will remain on staff throughout the duration of the school year, and the school district promises that the teacher will have a job for the duration of the school year(N. A., N. D.). Sometimes the contract between a teacher and a school district is breached. Under certain circumstances the school board may terminate the teachers contract during the school year. When the school board terminates the contract during the school year the teacher is left without a steady paycheck. When someone is fired the person does not normally receive a severance pay. The teacher may be entitled to severance pay in the amount the teacher would have received in wages for duration of the school year. The teacher is limited to only this amount of damages. If a teacher terminates a contract and leaves during the school year, the school district will need to find a replacement to teach the students. The school board may then be entitled to compensation because the teacher terminated the contract. The school board would again be limited to the amount of damages specified in the contract (N. A., N. D.). If someone hires a construction company and the construction company does not complete the job on time, or the construction company creates a faulty structure then the person who employed the construction company would be entitled to damages caused by the construction company breaching the contract made between the person, and the construction company (N. A., N. D.). The person is only permitted to collect damages in the amount of how much damage was caused by the construction company when the construction company did not complete the job on time. The person may have planned to rent the structure, and lost rental fees because the person was unable to rent the structure. The person would be entitled to the amount of fees lost because the person was unable to rent the structure when the company did not complete the structure on time. If a construction company does not complete a project within the time specified in the contract the person who employed the construction company is legally permitted to terminate the contract without any legal ramifications. The person who enters into a lease with an apartment complex is entitled to stay in the apartment community until the end of the lease (N. A., N. D.). The person signed a lease, and agreed to pay the apartment community the amount specified in the lease every month until the end of the lease. If for some reason the tenant is not able to pay the specified amount of monthly rent, and defaults on the rent, the apartment community may be entitled to damages caused by the tenant not paying the rent. The apartment community is entitl ed to collect the amount of money owed. If the tenant breaches the contract by nonpayment in the tenth month of residency the apartment community is limited to collect the fees owed for three months of rent, and attorney costs. A breach of a contract case is usually heard before a judge. A person in a breach of a contract case is entitled to receive a trial by a jury, but not always. The Constitution does not specify for a jury trial at all trials. In a breach of a contract case the judge, and possibly jury will hear all of the credible evidence

Salvation by Langston Huges Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Salvation by Langston Huges - Essay Example Unfortunately none of these things happened to him. The author’s vivid description of the preacher’s sermon, where he relates stories of the fires of hell, and then of the sheep who came to the fold, and only one lamb left out in the cold; frightened most of the young children into being â€Å"saved†. The little girls were in tears and hurried to be saved, and finally, all but the author and his friend Westley remained, still waiting for Jesus to come to them. The pressure of the people, the deacon and the sisters is graphically described as the two young boys wait in the heat and noise of moaning and praying and singing in the church for some sign from Jesus. Finally the author describes how his friend Westley, gets tired of waiting and decides to be â€Å"saved.† The author, however in his innocence still waits. As his wait for Jesus moves from anticipation to confusion and finally, shame at making so many people wait for him, he decides to give in to the pressure.The fact that God had not harmed Westley , despite the fact that he had lied, added to his own conviction that it was better to lie than make so many people wait, and make more trouble for them. The guilt of his deceit and the lie that he had told, however, kept eating away at his conscience, and finally in a flood of tears, he wonders if there was Jesus, then why did he not come to help him? The piece is an illustration of how the innocence of a child is preyed upon by older people who try to force their views and opinions on the young, instead of allowing them to experience things for themselves and take their own decisions. The irony is that all the elders who brought pressure to bear on the author may not have been very honest about their having seen Jesus. When adults tell children to be honest, it is their first duty to set a good example, otherwise the young

Critically assess theories of Transaction Cost Economics and Resource Essay

Critically assess theories of Transaction Cost Economics and Resource Based View in terms of their usefulness in explaining firm - Essay Example However, in the modern approach, internationalization only explains the relationships existing between companies (Revilla, Cordeiro and Sarkis, 2011). Transaction cost of economics according to Williamson (1981) explains the cost incurred by a buyer or a seller to execute an economic dealing. It also explains the process via which the firm takes its decision to operate in the open market or in hierarchy. Transaction cost includes aspects of specificity, uncertainty and government mechanisms (Grover and Malhotra, 2003). Asset specificity is the primary explanatory factor of transaction cost theory (Williamson, 2008). Asset specificity refers to the transferability of the assets in business. The extent of asset specificity is directly proportional to the level of effectiveness of occurrence of an economic transaction. The resource based view explains that the firms may attain sustainable competitive advantage by using non-substitutable rare resources. And this advantage in turn helps t he firms to frame strategies for international business. Figure 1: Transaction Cost in Buisness (Source: Stephen, 2013) As shown in the above graph, the rise in the scale of business operations helps a firm to achieve competitive advantage and thereby helps it to reduce the cost the transaction cost of business. Thus competitive advantage facilitates internationalization of firms business by reducing their business operating costs. Application of the Theories The theories of transaction cost under the resource based view helps to justify the wide practice of internationalization in the modern world. In the last 30 years in the global economy, firms with large financial resources have turned into Multinational Corporations that undertook the process of foreign direct investment in business. These firms expand their competitive advantage by efficiently allocating resources in business and thereby reducing the cost of transaction. This has been facilitated after the emergence of global ization and liberalization in the world economy. The business firms in the modern world try to use unique resources in business to attain competitive advantage and thereby reduce the cost of any business transactions. These firms appoint the resources on the basis of VRIN analysis. The resources used by these companies are valuable, rare, non imitable and non-substitutable in nature. Weakness of the Theory However, there have been several weaknesses in the theory of transaction cost of economics under the resource based view. In reality, it becomes almost impossible to find a resource that suffices the conditions of Barneys VRIN analysis. It is also believed by analysts that resource that provided competitive advantage to a firm may be converted into a weakness if a sudden unfavourable change in the environment takes place. A resource cannot provide competitive advantage as that can easily be purchased by other companies. The concept of sustainability is highly versatile in nature. Today, the firms can only enjoy sustainable competitive advantage if its rivals in the industry do not imitate their competences. Alternative Perspectives According to the theory of transaction cost of resource based view, the modern business firms try to attain competitive advantage in their business activities in order to reduce the cost

Fire Triangle Science Essay

Fire Triangle Science Essay Chemistry of Fire Unit 36 Forensic Fire Investigation 2/3/2015 Windows User Contents: Fire Tetrahedron†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 2 Primary Sources of Ignition†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Page 3 Secondary Sources of Ignition†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Page 4 Methods of Extinction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 5 Heat Transfer†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Page 6 Different Types of Fire..Page78 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 9 Reference List†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 10 Fire Tetrahedron Here is a diagram of the fire tetrahedron. This diagram shows the three elements that have to be present in order for a fire to occur. Combustion only occurs when flammable vapours are mixed with oxygen and are ignited by a spark or flame. Fuel; A fuel is any substance that can undergo combustion such as wood, plastics, rubber, fabric, petrol, cooking oil, nail vanish remover, butane, natural gases and propane. This is needed to fuel the fire. Organic fuels contain carbon hydrogen and oxygen in varying ratio’s in some cases, nitrogen will be present such as wood, plastics, gasoline, alcohol and natural gases. Inorganic fuels contain no carbon and include combustible metals such as magnesium or sodium. Oxygen; Oxygen is need for a fire to begin because when oxygen in the air combines with flammable vapours given off by fuels they create a form of heat at a molecular level. Heat; Heat is produced in a fire when oxygen and flammable vapours from the fuels combine, once this happens a source of ignition is the needed to cause it to combust. Primary Sources of Ignition Ignition is â€Å"the act or process of initiating combustion.† (dictionary.reference.com, 2012). A primary source of ignition is when you expose a flammable object to an open flame and causes fire directly. Here are a number of primary sources of ignition; Cooking Appliances Space-heating Appliances Electric Wiring, Connections or Terminations Other Electrical Appliances e.g. washing machines, bed warmers and televisions. Cigarettes Matches Gas Lighters Blow-Lamps Blow Torches Welding torches Bonfires Candles Secondary Sources of Ignition A secondary source of ignition is where a flammable object is heated until its burning point. During a house fire the primary source will be ignited which will then cause a secondary source to ignite which will ignite the furniture. According to the Journal of Fire Sciences â€Å"An important aspect of many secondary sources is that they frequently occur in areas where they use cannot easily be controlled or restricted.† Examples of secondary sources of ignition are; Waste paper baskets Soft toys Furniture Curtains/blinds Newspapers Carpet Methods of Extinction A fire can be extinguish if any of three components in the fire triangle that cause a fire (heat, oxygen and fuel) are removed. Removal of Heat To remove heat from a fire or cool a fire, water is most commonly used. Water has great heat absorbing properties. The water is able to extinguish a fire as it is able to absorb more heat than the fire is generating. Removal of Oxygen A fire can be extinguish by removing or limiting its oxygen supply. To do this it is known as blanketing or smothering. You do not need to remove all of the oxygen supply to extinguish a fire, a reduction of oxygen below 6% is sufficient enough to extinguish a fire. Examples are snuffing out a lit candle, placing a lid on a chip pan fire and closing doors and windows; if there is a fire in a room it may burn itself out. Removal of Fuel According to Chubb.co.uk, 2014; â€Å"A fire will go out if deprived of its fuel supply. A fire caused by a gas; leak can be extinguished by turning off the gas. If pallets are stacked in the open, rather than against a warehouse wall, they will eventually burn out, leaving the warehouse and its contents out of danger.† Heat Transfer â€Å"Heat can be transferred from place to place by conduction, convection and radiation. Dark matt surfaces are better at absorbing heat energy than light shiny surfaces. Heat energy can be lost from homes in many different ways and there are ways of reducing these heat losses.† (bbc.co.uk, 2014) Conduction Heat energy can move through a substances by conduction, metals are very good conductor’s heat, whereas non-metals and gases are poor conductors of heat. The poor conductors are called insulators. The heat energy is conducted from the hot end to the cool end of an object. The electrons in a piece of metal can leave their atoms and are free to move around in the metal as free electrons. The parts of the metal that have left behind atoms become charged metal ions, the ions are packed closely together and vibrate continually. The hotter the metal the more kinetic energy the vibrations gain, this energy is then transferred from the hotter parts of the metal to the cooler parts by the free electrons. As these electrons move around in the metal they collide with ions as they go. (Bbc.co.uk, 2014) Convection The particles in liquids and gases are able to move around more freely, as they are not packed together like solids. Convection occurs when particles in liquids and gases with a lot of heat energy move and take the places of particles with less heat energy, this is how heat energy is transferred using convection. Radiation All objects give out and take in thermal radiation which is also known as infrared radiation. The hotter an objects gets the more infrared radiation it emits. Infrared radiations is a type of electromagnetic radiation that involves waves instead of particles unlike convection and conduction. Due to this radiation can even work through the vacuum of space. This is why we are able to feel heat of the sun even though it is 150 million km away from the earth. Different Types of Fire House Fires House fires are fires that break out within the home and there are many different causes for them such as; Careless smoking Lit candles Electrically appliances getting left on Arson Cooking equipment Heating equipment Children playing with fire inside Inadequate wiring Flammable liquids Christmas tree decorations A house fire could spread by either conduction, convection or radiation depending on which one of the above started the fire. If the fire is a small fire within the house a fire blanket or water can be used to extinguish it. If you have access to fire extinguishers a water extinguisher is good for burning paper, wood or soft furnishings, a foam extinguisher is good for an arson fire, as petrol or other fuels would probably have been used. Then a CO2 extinguisher is good for putting out fires caused by electrical appliances. If the fire has spread through most of the house and is a lot bigger, then the fire brigade would put the fire out with water. Wet chemical extinguishers were designed to extinguish fires in the kitchen involving burning oil and deep fat fryers. House fires can be prevent by being careful when using appliances, flammable liquids, candles and decorations, they could also be prevented by getting your electrics check every year or so. Wildfires Wildfires are fires that break out in the wilderness, the causes of them include; Arson Lightning Unattended campfires Burning of debris Carelessly discarding of cigarettes A wildfire would generally spread by convection, as they would be in contact with an open flame which could be one of the following. A wildfire could be extinguish by a helicopter or plane throwing water over the fire from above or by the fire brigade with water, They could also be put out with leaf blowers, as this will blow the fire in the direction that it has already been meaning it has nothing else to catch fire too. Wildfires can be prevent by using fire breaks, people to comply with laws and regulations and never leave a fire unattended. Petrol Fires Petrol is a dangerous substance and it is a highly flammable liquid. The petrol gives off a vapour which can easily be set on fire if it is not handled safely. The causes of a petrol fire are; Arson Petrol Leak Car Crash Spark at Petrol Station e.g. using a mobile phone, smoking. Petrol fires are able to spread using conduction and convection, to extinguish these types of fires a foam extinguisher, CO2 extinguisher or a powder extinguisher is best being used. As these extinguisher will place a layer of powder or foam over the fire starving it of oxygen. These can be prevent by people not smoking or using their mobile phone at a petrol station and people comply with laws and regulations. Bibliography https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110106060151AAjbfWo http://www.chubb.co.uk/utcfs/Templates/Pages/Template-66/0,,pageId=14542siteId=403,00.html Journal of Fire Science Standard Flaming Ignition Sources for Upholstered Composties, Furniture and Bed Assembly Tests. http://www.readersdigest.ca/home-garden/cleaning/top-10-causes-house-fires#QMoRMblOIpwYaxGA.97 http://www.hse.gov.uk/fireandexplosion/petroleum.htm http://www.fireservice.co.uk/safety/extinguishers Reference List Chubb (2014) Methods of Fire Extinction. Available at: http://www.chubb.co.uk/utcfs/Templates/Pages/Template-66/0,,pageId=14542siteId=403,00.html (Accessed on: 11th February 2015) Dictionary.com (2012) Ignition. Available at: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ignition (Accessed on: 10th February 2015) GCSE Bitesize (2014) Heat Transfer and efficiency. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/aqa_pre_2011/energy/heatrev2.shtml (Accessed on: 11th Febrauary 2014) K.T. Paul S.D Christian. (1987) ‘Standard Flaming Ignition Sources for Upholstered Composties, Furniture and Bed Assembly Tests.’ Journal of Fire Sciences, 178 (5), pp 179 (Accessed on: 11th February 2015) Chemistry of FirePage 1

Characterization through Imagery and Metaphor in The Scarlet Letter Ess

Characterization through Imagery and Metaphor in The Scarlet Letter      Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Throughout his novel, The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne reveals character through the use of imagery and metaphor.    In the first Chapter of The Scarlet Letter, "The Prison-Door", the reader is immediately introduced to the people of Puritan Boston. Hawthorne begins to develop the character of the common people in order to build the mood of the story. The first sentence begins, "A throng of bearded men, in sad-colored garments and gray, steeple-crowned hats, intermixed with women, some wearing hoods, and others bareheaded, was assembled in front of a wooden edifice, the door of which was heavily timbered with oak, and studded with iron spikes" (Hawthorne 45). Hawthorne's use of vivid visual images and his Aaccumulation of emotionally weighted details" (Baym xii) creates sympathy for the not yet introduced character, Hester Prynne, and creates an immediate understanding of the harshness of the Puritanic code in the people. The images created give the freedom to imagine whatever entails sadness and morbidity of character for the reader; Hawthorne does not, however, allow the reader to imagine lenient or cheerful people.    The above excerpt was provided so that the student would know the focus of the essay. The complete essay begins below.    Nathaniel Hawthorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts in 1804. After his graduation from Bowdoin College in Maine, he quickly became a well-known author of literary tales concerning early American life. Between 1825 and 1850, he developed his talent by writing short fiction, and he gained international fame for his fictional novel The Scarlet Letter in 1850 (Clendenning 118). Rufus Wilmot Griswold... ...g and appreciation of qualities of characters, and hence, a deeper understanding of underlying motives and psyche. Intricate and methodical characterization is crucial to grasp the full meaning of a narrative.    Works Cited Baym, Nina. Introduction. The Scarlet Letter. By Nathaniel Hawthorne. New York City: Penguin Books USA, Inc. 1986. Clendenning, John. "Nathaniel Hawthorne." The World Book Encyclopedia. 1989 ed. Griswold, Rufus Wilmot. "The Scarlet Letter." The Library of Literary Criticism of English and American Authors. Ed. Charles Wells Moulton. Gloucester, Massachusetts: Peter Smith Publishing, 1959. 341-371. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. New York: Penguin Books USA Inc., 1986. Smiles, Samuel. "The Scarlet Letter." The Critical Temper. Ed. Martin Tucker. New York City: Frederick Ungar Publishing Company, 1962. 266.

Advertising: It’s Everywhere

Advertising: It's EverywhereNo, it's not your imagination. The amount of advertising and marketing North Americans are exposed to daily has exploded over the past decade; studies show, that on average we see 3,000 ads per day. At the gas pumps, in the movie theatre, in a washroom stall, during sporting events—advertising is impossible to avoid. Even outer space isn't safe from commercialization: the Russian space program launched a rocket bearing a 30-foot Pizza Hut logo, and some companies have investigated placing ads in space that will be visible from earth.The challenge of the future may be finding public and private spaces that are free of advertising. Marketers are pressed to find even more innovative and aggressive ways to cut through the â€Å"ad clutter† or â€Å"ad fatigue† of modern life. Here's an overview of some of the ways marketers are targeting us: * Ambient advertising Ambient advertising refers to intrusive ads in public places. With the cost o f traditional media advertising skyrocketing and a glut of ads fighting for consumers' attention, marketers are aggressively seeking out new advertising vehicles.Cars, bicycles, taxis and buses have become moving commercials. Ambient ads appear on store floors, at gas pumps, in washrooms stalls, on elevator walls, park benches, telephones, fruit and even pressed into the sand on beaches. Even some members of the industry itself are critical of this trend to slap ads on everything. Bob Garfield, columnist for the ad industry magazine  Advertising Age, calls this plethora of commercial messages â€Å"environment pollutants. † Others worry that this deluge of advertising will create a backlash with consumers. Stealth- endorsers Marketers are moving away from the traditional use of celebrities as product hucksters, since a cynical public no longer believes that celebrities actually use the products they endorse in commercials. The trend now is to brand celebrities with specific merchandise by having them use or wear products in public appearances or promote them in media interviews—without making it clear that the celebrities are paid spokespeople. * Naming rights Corporations are turning public spaces into commodities by purchasing naming rights to arenas, theatres, parks, schools, museums and even subway systems.Cash-strapped municipalities see naming rights as a way to raise much-needed revenues without raising taxes. * Targeted advertising Targeted ads are a form of Internet marketing. Using sophisticated data collecting technologies, Web sites can combine a user's personal information with surfing preferences to create ads that are specifically tailored for that user. * Cross-merchandizing A wave of media mergers over the past decade has produced a handful of powerful conglomerates that now own all the major film studios, TV networks, radio and television stations, cable channels, Internet, book and magazine publishing and music companies.Thes e giant conglomerates use their various media holdings to promote products and artists through massive cross-promotional campaigns. For example, when the world's largest entertainment conglomerate AOL Time Warner was preparing the release of the film  Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, it enlisted all its various media divisions—cable systems, speciality channels, TV networks, magazines and Internet companies—to help mass-market the movie and the spin-off merchandise.Commenting on the phenomenally successful cross-promotional approach used to market the film (Harry Potter smashed all previous opening records, grossing $90 million in its first weekend) AOL Time Warner executive Richard Parsons explained: â€Å"This drove synergy both ways. Not only did we use our promotional and advertising platforms to help create awareness, we used the film to drive traffic to those vehicles. † * Product placement The future of product placement as a successful advertisin g tool was assured when the 1982 film  ET  featured Reese's Pieces in a pivotal scene—causing sales of the candy to jump 65 per cent.Since that time, product placement in movies, on TV, and increasingly in video games, has become a commonplace marketing technique. The marketing company FeatureThis extols the virtues of product placement for potential clients, on its Web site: â€Å"Break through the cluttered media entertainment environment inexpensively,† it claims â€Å"product placement in feature films and television reaches millions of consumers, over and over again. † With the advent of technologies such as TiVo, which allow consumers to edit out TV commercials, product placement is taking on an even greater importance.TV producers are looking for new ways to integrate advertising and content. Basing an entire show around a product is one technique; and giving viewers the capability of immediately purchasing products featured on the program is another. Following a segment of the NBC TV show  Will and Grace, in which a character wore a pink Polo shirt, the network ran a 10-second clip telling viewers to go to the Polo Web site (which is 50 per cent owned by NBC) to purchase one.The site sold $3,000 worth of shirts over the next five days. In the near future, Interactive TV will allow users to order a pair of pants that your favourite TV star is wearing, merely by clicking on them. * Digital or â€Å"virtual† advertising Digital advertising goes one step further than product placement by using computer technology to add products to scenes that were never there to begin with.This practice is common in sporting events coverage, where ads are digitally inserted onto the billboards, sideboards and playing surfaces in arenas and stadiums. While digital ads are mainly used in sports coverage, virtual advertising is starting to break into the entertainment world as producers digitally insert products into TV scenes after the scen es are shot. The technology also allows product names to be altered in scenes, creating the potential for new advertising revenues when series are sold into syndication. |

The increase in electoral support for the Nazi Party in the years 1928-33

To what extent was the increase in electoral support for the Nazi Party in the years 1928-33 the result of effective propaganda and electioneering? The years 1928 to 1933 were very significant for the Nazi Party and their leader, Adolf Hitler. After the attempted Munich Putsch, the Nazi Party had well and truly entered the political spotlight of German politics and had successfully re-established itself after Hitler was released from prison in 1924. Following on from being so heavily in the public eye, the Nazi Party had a rise in support due to increased awareness of the party, but 1928 marked a steep increase in this.There are many factors that contributed to this increase in electoral support for the Nazi Party from 1928-1933, but it was largely due to effective propaganda and electioneering. Nazi propaganda was under leadership of Joseph Goebbels, who was able to identify the concerns of all sectors within the German population and use this to create a remarkable propaganda schem e. An example of this is where workers were addressed with posters depicting endless queues of unemployed people, suggesting that Hitler would be able to abolish unemployment – a miracle that was readily accepted by this group.As well as targeting specific groups, Goebbels was able to manipulate a variety of propaganda techniques, from using posters to nursery rhymes to the radio. The Nazi Party presented an image that appealed to everyone through their use of propaganda. It is because of propaganda that they were able to convince the public of their ability to transform the country to one ridden with debts, political instability and embarrassment to a global superpower that was successful in every aspect. Even now, Nazi propaganda is still viewed as a remarkable achievement for the Nazi Party and is undoubtedly one of the main reasons why Nazi support increased from 1928-1933.Electioneering is the other main reason for the increase in electoral support. In terms of Nazi poli cy itself, although it was controversial, Hitler was careful to be very careful about certain points – especially regarding religion. The 25 Point Programme of the Party depicted that it â€Å"represents the point of view of positive Christianity†, whereas in reality the Nazi Party stood for the complete opposite. With the majority of Germans being Christian (2/3 of these were Catholic and 1/3 Protestant), the Nazi’s could not afford to alienate the Church and risk repelling the majority of the electorate.Throughout their electioneering, the Nazi’s used the SA to intimidate the opposition and sometimes even carry out such violent attacks that political figures, especially Communist politicians, were unable to continue their own electioneering. This allowed the Nazi party to reduce their opposition and allowed them to manipulate the public further using their effective propaganda. As the Nazi Party organised propaganda rallies to build up electoral support , they also organised members to attend the rallies disguised as potential voters. This gave the impression that the party was extremely popular and therefore encouraged voters that might otherwise vote for another larger party to support the Nazi’s instead.These propaganda rallies were used to persuaded all of Germany to vote for Hitler and his party because Hitler was able to constantly travel around the country using an airplane. This electioneering meant that he was able to directly address potential supports and use propaganda to convince them to vote Nazi. It could be claimed that Hitler himself contributed largely to the electoral success of the Nazi Party. Many women found Hitler aesthetically attractive and emphasis was placed on his bright blue eyes and his friendly nature towards children. Men found Hitler as a man to admire – he was charismatic and some newspapers even labelled him ‘Hitler the Superman’.Above all, Hitler was a brilliant auditor and had the ability to captivate audiences that was unmatched by no other politician and delivered speeches with such power that it was hard not to be swept in by his manipulative and misleading words. However, it could not be said that Hitler himself contributed to the increase in electoral support to a larger extent than propaganda and electioneering. Another factor that could be argued to have resulted in the increase in electoral support is the very climate of Germany during that time.Following on from the failure of war in 1918, Germany was stampeded with crises after crises. In economic terms, the funding of the war had resulted in inflation and forced Germany to borrow loans from the USA in order to pay the  £6600 million in reparations. This meant that when America suffered from the Wall Street Crash, Germany was hit by Depression in 1926. Living standards plummeted and Germany was on the verge of a civil war. Consequently, the German people looked towards extremist parti es to provide them with the revolutionary change needed to return Germany to a least a partial stability.Again, whilst this was a big factor in increase of Nazi support, the situation in Germany was balancing out, especially as the effects of hyperinflation were weakening by 1925. Therefore, the hardships that Germany faced during this period cannot be accountable for the increase in the Nazi Party’s electoral success compared to the propaganda and electoral success that was constant throughout 1928-1933. In conclusion, the increase in electoral support for the Nazi Party in the years 1928-33 was the result of effective propaganda and electioneering to a far extent. A variety of factors contributed to this increase, including Hitler’s personality and the downfall of Germany during the post-war years.However, the strongest factors were persistently the Nazi’s propaganda campaign that was led by Goebbels and their electioneering methods. Through this, they were ab le to specifically target groups within the electorate and develop the Nazi image itself which drew support from voters and caused the German people to trust them to restore Germany’s former status.